■9^5^,'
Trifln q4e
I o
M
I* ’NUMBER 9 & 10
X v
VOLUME II
r '
users
isrnup
SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER, I984
CONTENTS
-*4\
Machine Code Tutorial .
The Power of the Stack . . 0
/ joy 7 . ..!!!.*!..!!!!!!”* . i
Exchanging "BASIC" Programs Via MTEKM-11 . !!!!!.* . 2
Technical Comments on the TS /ZX* . ] . ,
New Product News, Old product Offers . !!!!.*!!..*!![[**"* 4
Character Generator . . .
Sphere . . .
Votem on the 2068 . \
xeorth exchange . .!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! . □
Software Review . . .
Telecommunication Notes . a
Math* Zap . . !!!...!.!!!.. ! . 10
Measurement Conversions . ] * * * . j!?
Interest Calculator . 77
Directory . . .
writing Articles for Your Newsletter .
2068 NOTES: A TUTORIAL DN
MACHINE CODE PROGRAMMING
by DICK SCOVILLE
Part 6
Dick has two articles for us this ,»onth. Please note that his corrections
for last month was printed SIMMS on a 2040 printer using his 110
routines •
JUMP-RELOTTUES
Uhen you use jump-re la t i we
instructions, count the number
of bytes to be Jumped over From
the end oF the two-byte
Jbmp-relative instruction
jtseiF. Maybe the best may to
straight is to remember
that the instruction
lsae
JR
has no eFFect. To put it
another may, the length (posi¬
tive or negative) of the rela¬
tive jump gets added to the
program counter PC which would
ordinarily point to the instrur.
* Uoiwf o ». _ o 'it i n c the
^.instruction. [-’or
example, the instruction
1SEE jr fe
produces an inFinite loop (foe
is -2 since PE +2 = 0) .
PC gets reduced
by 2, so instead
of pointing here 1
it points here
(3) and (4.) are the usual way
to test a register pair to see
lF it is 0000. (4.) OR'S D and
Dand , puts the re
into H'.and sets the zero
aPPr°Pr lately. The OR of
two numbers will be zero only if
both of them are zero.
Choosing the wrong relative
jump is usually Fatal, and it
also very easy to choose the
wrong jump-re lative instruction
so be carerui. Here are the
f?r. thc .instructions that
use relative jumps:
til (Ji
0
is
10XX
18/y
2 ftx; x
28XX
30XX
33 X X
DJKZ XX
JTS XX
JH HZ, XX
JR Z,xx
JR KC,XX
JR C,xx
41 Tj
U’ Pi
C
•'ll U.
iif P fV
A 0
y'j
u»
> '
•TJ 0 C
£ ^ -n
V V * tl
T £ _• jt
*■> 3 tO u
18FE
Speating oF timing loops and
’'°“PS' here is a type
that the 2068 Ron uses to create
a tram or pulses at audio
Frequency to send to the tape-
recorder (and maybe the BEEPer,
C U» »U
c m a ■- oi
41 C
v «-■ vi 3
•n
'i* ClI rtj y'| y|
u 3 oi •_
a» t? oi
w 1} 0
£
J
RFter execution of this instruc-
2*9? „«>« fee «)i u go bati Iwa
. 1 1 a9ain and again — the
poor thing has become a vegeta¬
ble and can't be reached. You
may as well cut its support
1 1 ne .
* _Eor another example, here is
a timing loop" which often has
to be used when the coa«>uter is
running a mechanical instrument
tile a printer, which is thou¬
sands °f times slower than the
0623
10FE
LD B , 23
DJKZ FE
35 dec
ns you can ten, the zae win go
around this loop 35 times before
dropping through” and continu¬
ing. This routine would be run
between the individual pulses of
the train, the choice of what to
put in B determining the fre¬
quency .
Tl
-> in
o d r-
0 in
I D
u'l in 10
ui fr
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4.)
(5)
110020 LD DE,2A00
IB r DEC DE
7B LD fl,E
B2 |_ OR D
2«FB JR KZ,-5
(continuation of
program)
5Siiruc^.i.on (1> loads DE with
2R00. (Use any number you
please — note that 0000 win give
you the longest time, because
decremented it be-
0180 IB LD BC , LB80
C5 PUSH BC
CD3108 CALL 0831
C9 RET
ffl frl
0 w u
** a
* n
£ UJ
*' J
a
VI
til 0
0 •
a
il)
T* Ifl
l • -i
•D
a>
-v
Cl T>
C
■*« 3
0
0 £
704-0 dec
2097 dec
0 0
The little routine above is
?£r^iy._for Practice, although it
could be useful in certain pro-
and“r*Aif=^h5 *ere cliftinated
and replaced by a continuation
or the mam program.
named the routine
Uherermi, and your job is to
jUt what does. IF you
a rojtine that does the
same thing in fewer bytes,
please let me mow so I can put
it in a future article.
C 0
> 7'
■- J)
U'
01
m in
*D
O 41
il C
0
u
u)
3 Oi
til Q
£ 0
G
' (0
Vi \i)
Hi 0
0 **
l_
Cl til
£
h
i_
0
£ •
4i 0
* 0
in oj
0) Oi oj
OJ OJ
rf lO
tn
oj 0 0
0 0
in 0
oi m
w h
oi
oi oi cn
in in
® rl in
01 0
n * in
w
•i 0
0 01 n
oi oi
e 0 m
8 0
n rl 0
in
0 0 0
rl rl
r- 0 q s
rl 0 01 01
rl 0 0
OJ 0 0J 01
01 OJ 0J ?
0 OJ 10
0 oj 0 in
0 ■*
00 01 9
0 01 01 in
-2-
THE POUER OF THE STOCK
R 2068 BRSIC Program by
Diet Scowi l le
Diet has been promising to
write an article describing the
essence of the language called
FORTH, and he claims that this
little p rog r am might help to
explain houi forth mates use of
a stact. lie'll just have to
wait and see whether his claim
is true, but meanwhile you might
get some fun out of this:
10 INPUT j i
11 DIM S (1000)
12 RANDOMIZE .ij
13 CL3
15 LET k=l
20 PLOT 123.50: DRRU 0.10. LET
Pt 1=123 LET p 12=60: LET bl=0
LET b2 = 10
30 IF PND '.12 THEN GO SUE 50
GO TO 30
40 SO sue ISO: XF I, ■; 1 THEN GO
TO 10
45 GO TO 30
50 rem extend
55 LET K=t+4
60 LET £ ( K ) =p t i : LET £ ( t + 1 ) =p t
2
62 L ET X = ( 1 ■ 5 ) + ( 4 + fc 1 + 3 D b 2 ) : LE
T y = ( 1 / 5 ) * ( 4 + b 2 - 3 * b 1 j
68 LET £(fc+2.i=x LET Slt+3i=y
70 L ET X=4+fci-3*b2 LET *4 = 3 + b 1
+ 4 + b2
80 LET b 1 = x / 5 : LET b2=u/5
90 PLOT ptl.pt 2 DRRU bl.b2
100 LET p t 1 =p t 1 + b 1 LET pt2=Pt2
+ b2
110 RETURN
150 REM quit
16B PLOT £():.) , £ (k+l) . DRRU S ( k +
2) . £ ( t +3)
165 LET p t 1 =£ It) +£ (k+2) : LET pt
2=S tk+1) + £ I. K+3 ) : LET bl=£(t+2)
LET b2 =£ ! k +3)
170 LET k=k-4
180 RETURN
. .^i.Y
A vl
tyC
LINES 10 TO 12 SET THE SEED FOR
THE RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR SO
OUR RESULTS CAN BE DUPLICATED.
LINE 11 SETS UP THE STACK.
LINE 15 SETS THE STACK POINTER-
K TO 1. LINE 20 DRAUS THE
INITIAL LINE. AND LOADS
( p- 1 1 . p 1 2 ) U ITH OUR POSITION
AND LOADS <bl,b2) UITH Ol 'P
HEADING .
AT LINE 30 UE DECIDE EITHER TO
EXTEND THE BRANCH ( 6 0 5 U 6 501
OR TO RETREAT (GOSUB 150) .
LINE 50: UE HAUE DECIDED TO EX¬
TEND. 55 KEEPS TRACK OF THE TOF
OF THE STACK. IN 60. UE PUT OUR
PRESENT POSITION ON THE STACK.
STARTING AT 70. UE EXTEND THE
BRANCH. AFTER FIRST SAVING A
TUISTED VERSION OF OUR HEADING.
AND MAKING NOTE OF OUR NEU
PPESENT POSITION. THEN UE PETUP
N.
LINE 150: UE HAUE DECIDED TO
RETREAT — UE take the fosition-
ITEM AND HEADING-ITEM AT THE
TOP OF THE STACK (AT t.t+l.t+E,
and k +3) . DRAU THEM .
SET OUR NEU FOSITION . FIX THE
STACK POINTER SO IT POINTS
TO THE (NEU) TOP OF THE STACK.
AND RETURN.
ON RETURNING . UE REFEP.T THE
PROCESS, UNLESS THE STACK HAS
BECOME EMPTY (fill .
SOME CHOICES FOR j j ARE NOT
INTERESTING . AND OTHERS UILL RUN
OFF THE SCREEN. Er CHANGING
THE TUI5T ANGLE. YOU CAN GET A
DIFFERENT EFFECT AS SHOUM IN THE
SECOND PICTURE.
\ / v
Jl j ■>
v/ '■A V v I Y
\ V &
John U. Petersen, (out
west in cal if orina) , sent
us this little program to
use uith the 2068 and a
j oyst i ck .
s rem " J0Y7+" Stic k , Button
in Keys t. Diagonals
10 rem - Timex Text Pg 174.
15 rem - Feteren Apr 25' i«S4
C0 BORDER 1 ■ PAPER 6
50 LET roui = 10
60 LET CO 1=15
60 LET x rows row
90 LET x CO l =C0 l
150 LET K $=INKE, S
1S9 REM - Right >
200 IF K S = "S ” AND CO l <31 THEN L
ET C 0 l = C 0 l + 1
£*1 IF STICK 11,1) sS AND CO l 31
THEN LET CD l=CO L+l
?SffJTs|TlLT AND CO 1:31
THEN LET CO l sCO l+l
209 REM - Left
T2cc\=rc,i?i"5" flND COl>0 ™EN *-E
then ^To^cShi1-* fiNCi C0L B
THPM AND COt:>0
THEN LET COlsC0l-l
21S REM - Down
£20 IF k$="6" AND row <21 THEN L
5T_ rows row +1
thf-:I|Fp?TICK (1,1i=2 row <21
THEN _LET_ r Dili = r OW + 1
i2?hfmF. hND row <2
1 THEN LET rc*U.i = r GU.i + 1
£29 REM - Up t
Ta??w^oi?r7" flND r°u’>® then -
then LET^oSsrow-i5 =1 RND rou,>e
thfm I!LSTICK AND r ow > 0
then let roui = roa»-i
Ir 5TICK (2,1) =1 THEN BEEP
* *®?r ?R AT X r OW , x c 0 l ; " ", AT r
300 GO TO 30
-7VI rr
To Exchange a "BflSlC" Procram Via-
HTERH-n
1 find the BASIC program ready to be "PUN"
• and'or "SAMED" or "re-transmitted1 ''
I ect .
Other "Functions" Noted..,
,.L,rst L0RP UTERn-n software and have NO ! As *11 as supporting full CONTROL CODE
Phone numbers" or. "macro-keys" assigned functions, MTERM-H i-a.s a particular use
is this sometimes plays havoc on tl-+ for two of tie COPES.
program being X-mitt-ed. . . . They are "CONTROL-R" t "CONTROL-T" (also '
known as "Device Control -2" and "Device
1. "CLOSE" buffer.
2. Set "CON" vers ion to "HEX".
3. Go to the "BASIC MODE'.
4. Enter "NEW" to clear.
| Control -4" respectively).
CONTPOL-"R"
remotely.
will "OPEN"
BUFFER.
Chile CONTRCL-"T" will "CLOSE1 a BUFFER
remotely.
5. LOAD "filename" (load basic program j Liiflil
you wish to send) ! nLOU..
6. Test to see if program "RUNs" and/or .
if the program is an "AUTO-START" 1
program, simply "BREAK” to stop it.
7. Enter "print USR 54016" to re-enter
H0DEJ1 program.
B. Go to "MAIN kenU" and select "D” for
"DATA BUFFER MENU'.
9. Select "T” for "TRANSMIT BUFFER"
command.
19. When prompted for "TRANSMIT PPOMRT
STRING”, enter a symbol of your choice
(i.e.) "C or ”•»” ett.
11. You may ignore the CHAR. DELAY
PROtPT (just enter a "C/R" or "ENTER")
12. At this time the transmitter is "ON"
4 is ready to "send" program.
13. Press "ENTER" 2 more times to access
"TERMINAL MODE-.
14. Now you »ay instruct the person that
is to recieve the program to "set his
conversion to hex, open t clear (erase)
BUFFER then re-enter "TERMINAL MODE" and
send the prompt symbol <"£" or ect.)
untill he reel eves nothing else but the
prompt s'#*>ol itself."
_15. At this time the person that
recived" the program may go to the "MAIN
rENir and select function "E" (to exit to
BASIC) and if all went well he SHOULD
By utilizing a function supported by
most BBSs, you may perform a function
called "RASE SEW. It is very useful
when you want to save time sending
E-MAIL, COMMENTS, or placing "RDs" on
sys terns.
First you should note that the board
that you want to use has the ability to
automatical ly "start a new line" when you
reach the “Eftf>" of a line that you are
typing on.
Some support this function while others
will send a "MARGIN BELL" and after
reaching the "Carriage End" will stop
accepting "input" untill 'you send a
CARRIAGE RETURN.
So with that tounge-twister out of the
way here is how to do a. "FACE SEND"...
1. "OPEN and CLEAR" buffer.
2. Set "CCN" version to "NONE".
3. Set "DUPLEX" to "MALE1.
4. Go to "TERMINAL MODE" and TYPE your
message, ect. the way you wish to "see"
it on the BBS.
5. (hi le typing 'your message, use ONLY .
SPACES. .. (every time you enter a "C/R"
the transmitter will STOP untill 'you send
another "X-mitter prompt". these
"delimiters" can be useful, however, in
deviding-up several messages that could
placed in different areas of the BBS or
on a different BBS al 1 together) .
6. After typing your message, return to
select "DATA BUFFER
MENU and CLOSE' the buffer.
,,K‘ :jel |C(- "'TRAMSMI 1 1" mode and choose a
'-HITTER PROMPT' >>(pick one that is not.
normally" used by the BBS, a good on®
.f5T.thlS Esrpos e is the Brittish Pound
t ANT> Choose a "CHR. DELAY" that is
SLOW enough so the Bes can "keep-up". A
good number to start with is "200" (the
larger this number is - the longer the
delay is... (I think it approximates
Milliseconds).
3. Set "DUPLEX" to "FULL".
9. Now that your transmitter is "loaded
and the hammer is cocked" you may DIAL-UP
your favorite BBS, "DUMP” your messages,
"CPEN" your buffer, "SCAM" the Boards
"Log-off", relax and 1 cob over your
"captured treasures" at yo"r
Leajure. ... (and even keep a few extra
Dimes out Ma Bell's purse to boot!!)
10. (Most nportintly) HfWE FUN!!!
Hopefully this information has been
helpfull.
OLESTIOny^3 ^ probably sparked MORE
MTERM-II is one of the many software
packages that could have a took the size
Pt . ,"Vellc"J Pages" describing it's many
utilities. But until] that comes about,
any information that- I find worthy, I'll
be happy to pass it on.
• ..Happy H0DQQH6! ! !
Dave Clifford
13910 Halldale Ave.
Gardena, Ca. 9G249
SOUTH BAY COMPUTES CLUB
John W. Petmrmen
(213)-5^5-958l
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ACE SOFTUARE, 2 East 0*k , floorest-on, N. J., 08057, has tuo
programs designed to help you manage your money better. PAYOFF
gives you a good handle on your credit accounts. for example
PAYOFF Bhous hou long It ulll take to pay off an account and hou
much Interest ulll be due. All payments for the next 18 months are
shoun . PAYOFF 1000 is for the TS2X computers (1610. PAYOFF 2000 Is
for the 2068. Both programs are *14.95.
PAYOUT Is the companion program to PAYOFF. The program shoes
uhere your money actually goes. The program has predefined
categories and subcategories uhich allou easy entry of your bills.
PAYOUT Is a pouerful budgeting tool. It shoes uhere real money is
going Instead of paper estimates that mean nothing. PAYOUT 1000 Is
for the TS2X computers. PAYOUT 2000 Is for the 2068. Both programs
are .4.95. Postage Is paid for all programs by ACE SOFTUARE.
Character Generator II
By: Charlie Day
With the most valuable help of Mr. Scoville, I think I’ve come up with a
L DG character generator that is both powerful and simple to use.
It is a very simple program to understand. The 2068 has an area in RAM
in which the ROM introdues 21 pseudo characters into, form ’a1 to ’u-’. You
can change these characters into your own design by poking different values
into these RAM locations. The method used in the 2068 manual to do this is
very time consuming. The only other method that I know of to do this is the
method 1 discussed in the May-July issue of TSUG. Don’t write this method
off yet, we are going to use it in this program, except you will never know it.
The program is very simple to use. When the program begins a 8 by 8
grid is drawn in the lower left hand corner of the screen afterwards the com¬
puter will print the list of commands above the gride and the L'DGs along the
right hand side of the screen. A prompt will then appear asking you to enter
the character you wish to replace in the UDG list; this input should be a lower
case letter. After you have entered your choice a prompt will appear asking
you to enter a letter cooridinate. From this input you can do one of 6 com¬
mands. You can simply enter the lower case letter of the cooridinate you
wish to darken and then on the next prompt enter the number when asked
for it. You will then see the square you have identified darkened in.
Horror of horrors let’s say you blocken in a square and change your mind
before you have compiled the character you can easily fix this, lou can
delete a block by entering a capital D at the input letter coordinate prompt. .
"You will then enter the letter and the number for th^ coordinate at the input
prompts and the darken block will be erased.
After you have the character arranged on the grid as you want it to
appear you will need to input a capital "C" at the input letter coordinate prompt.
Before compiling begins, you will be asked if you want a code print-out, we
will discuss this later. .After answering this prompt the character will be
compiled into the UDG table.
If you don’t like how a character looks after it is compiled the you can
Chang.' it with the edit command. On the prompt that ask you which character
you want to replace enter the character that you want to edit. When the
enter the letter coordinate prompt appears enter a Capitol ’E’. This will
load the character into the working array and print the character onto the
grid so you may work with it.
The two other options that you can do from the input letter coordinate
prompt are load and save a character set to tape.
Now, back to the second option on compiling, you would use the yes option
for this when you wranted to transfer the UDG to another program. You would
put the data in the following program.
9000 FOR a = USR "a" TO USR ''a"+7
9010 READ user: POKE a, user
9020 NEXT a
9030 DATA .
Ever how many UDGs you are using determines the second letter in line 9000.
If you had two UDGs you would use a*br and for three you would use a ’c’, ect.
This p r o gr a in uj : U p r o d v c t a r
an i n ta r £ s ting display t f a
s p hare b u t d 5 n t h o i o y o u r
breath .u siting for it!!’
For T:::f= ; - y .
W fit t€' py j o k r. r o f f a y o f
JnC 5 0 FT LI ARE PC’ POX 4-4-5
s a o 1 1 s & u r 9 In 4. 7 1 7 0
u a if: yi a f 1 n a s- 0 f t u.’ a r a for
T s c amp uter- . u r 1 t a for
f r a a b r r c h r a or call
1-812-75 £- 60” 1.
-lw uin u io,Di
20 POKE 23609,50 BORDER 7: PR
PER 7; INK 0; CLS
30 GO SUB 500
80 FOR i =0 TO 20
90 PRINT RT i,21,CMR* (97+i ) ; "
= ";CHR* (14-4.4i )
100 NEXT i
130 PRINT RT 12,0; "abede fgh”
14-0 FOR i =0 TO 7: PRIHT RT (14-4
i ) ,9; i 41 : NEXT i
14-5 PRINT RT 7 , 0 ; “C =Comp i le , RT
6,0; " D =De lete“; RT 8,0;"S=Save D
a t a " ; RT 9,0; “E=Ed it”; RT 5,0, "L=E
oad Data"
150 PRINT RT 0,2; "Character-, RT
1 , l; “Generator II";HT 2,5; “by";
RT 3,1; INK 1; "Charlie Day”
160 INPUT "Enter Letter for UDG
" ; a$
165 IF CODE a$<97 OR CODE a*>ll
8 THEN GO TO 160
170 PRINT RT (CODE a$-97),19; F
LRSH l; INK 2; " >"
200 input "Enter letter cooridi
nate ";L*
203 IF H="L'
204- IF L* = "E-
205 IF L$="C’
206 IF L*=“D‘
THEN GO TO 700
THEN GO TO 600
THEN GO TO 300
THEN GO TO 400
5 LET i=0
10 FOP. y=£5 TO -35 STEP -1
£0 FOP = - £ 5 36
30 LET - = - 4 y » y IF d : 36*36
MEN GO TC 100-
4.0 LET d = £ 0 P: d - -S6
4-5 IF hES td-i' .0001 THEN GO
TO 100
50 REM LET k=l.4SIM PCS d
60 LET 1=1. 4S0P f.l-d*d>
60 IF I =1 THEN PLOT 65+ - ,35 + ':
LET t =1-1
100 NEXT
120 NEXT u
140 COP
207 IF L$=“S" THEN GO TO 800
208 IF CODE L*<97 OR CODE L$>10
4 THEN GO TO 200
210 INPUT "Enter number cooridi
nate “; N
215 IF N < 1 OR N >8 THEN GO TO 21
0
220 LET L = ( (CODE L$) -96)
230 LET u (N,L) =1
240 PRINT RT 134N,L-1;"B"
250 GO TO 200
300 PRINT RT 10,0; FLRSH 1; "Com
pi ling"
305 INPUT "Print out code y/n";
P*
306 IF p$="y" OR p%="Y" THEN LE
T p=l
307 IF p=l THEN PRINT #l;"Turn
on printer"
310 FOR U=0 TO 7
311 LET b*="BIN "
315 FOR H =1 TO 8
320 LET b$=b$4STR$ u(J+l,H)
330 NEXT H
335 IF p=l THEN LPRINT URL b$; "
350 POKE USR a*4J,URL b*
370 NEXT J
375 IF p=l THEN LPRINT
380 GO TO 10
400 PRINT RT 10,0; FLR5H l;"Del
e te i ng "
405 INPUT "Enter letter cooridi
nate ";L*
406 IF CODE L$ <97 OR CODE L*>10
4 THEN GO TO 405
410 input "Enter number cooridi
nate ";n$
415 IF CODE N$<49 OR CODE NS >56
THEN GO TO 410
416 LET N=URL N$
420 LET L = ( ( CODE LS) -96)
430 LET U (N , L) =0
440 PRINT RT 13+n , t -1 ; " "
450 PRINT RT 10,0;"
460 GO TO 200
500 FOR h=0 TO 64 STEP 8
510 FOR 1=0 TO 64
520 PLOT l , h : PLOT h,l
530 NEXT l
540 NEXT h
550 RETURN
600 FOR X =14 TO 21: PRINT RT X,
“ "it NEXT X: GO SUB 50
0
605 LET C =PEEK 23675 +256 *PE£K 2
3676
610 LET j = ( (CODE R$)-96)
620 FOR p=l TO 8
( 625 LET b=PEEK ( ( C +p -1 ) +8* ( j -1 )
635 FOR 1=3 TO 1 STEP -1
640 LET X =INT (b/2). LET d=b-2»
X : LET b =X
645 LET U (p , l ) =d
646 IF d=0 THEN LET b*=-"
647 IF d =1 THEN LET b$ = "H"
648 PRINT RT 13+P,l-l;b$
650 NEXT l
655 NEXT p
670 GO TO 200
700 PRINT FLASH 1;HT 10,0; "LORD
ING DATA"
710 Input "Enter fi le name for
character set";n$
715 PRINT ai; "Start Tape-
720 LORD nSCODE 65368,168
^7"*® CLS PRINT "Load complete"
"Press any teg to return to"'"
Generator": PRU5E 0 RUN
800 PRINT FLRSH 1 ; RT 10,0: "SAUE
ING DATA”
810 INPUT "Enter file name for
character sef;n$
820 SRUE nSCODE 65368,168
830 CLS PRINT "Save complete"
'"Press any tey to return to -
Generator": PAUSE 0. run
9999 SRUE "Genii" LINE 0
Character a = f
Generator II > b = +
t>y c = *
Cha r l i € Day d = ©
0 s M*
L=Load Data f =
D =De le te g = .
C =Cosp lie h = +
S=Save Data ; - j
E=Ed,t , -
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F o r Y o u r H e u elet t. e r
H o u t o U r i t- e A r tic] e s
by Bill Roberts
Ue encourage anyone , uho uould like to, to contribute an article to the
newsletter . To help answer any questions that you might have here are some
things to keep in mind.
Ue really can not publish a hand-ur itten article. It just takes more time
than ue have available to retype the article. If you don't have a word processor
(more on this belou) then use a typeuritter. It really is uorth the effort.
Do not feel that you need a full size printer to write a article for the
newsletter. The 2040 printer is fine to use for your article listing. If you
have a 2068, there is a HC routine in volume II, no. 4 uhich darkens the 2040
printer listings. The darkened listings photocopy very nicely. Ue do suggest
that you use UHITE thermal paper for the listings. Some of the Timex paper is a
bit tannish in color and is difficult to make a good copy of. Radio Shack sells
very good thermal paper for their TP-10 printer. Although the paper roll is not
as wide as the Timex roll , Ue have not had any problems. One of our members has
suggested that a poker chip on each side of the roll uill keep the paper
centered .
It really makes sense to use a word processor with your TS/ZX or 2068 when
you write. The word processor makes the job much easier. Uhat ue suggest is that
you write your article using one of the word processor that ue can support, then
just send us a copy of the article saved on tape rather than a listing. Ue can
then print the article or edit it as needed.
Ue can support a number of excellent word processors . Of course , THE word
processor for the little TS/ZX computers is the I1EH0TECH ’’HEHOTEXT” word
processor. It is the best there is, bar none. Unf ortunatly , HEMOTECH no longer
makes the word processor (it’s a hardware addition) and they are getting hard to
find. Ue are in luck, though, because Fred Nachbaur , Syncuare Co., 902 Hoover
St., Nelson, BC U1L4X6, Canada now has a RAH based version of MEHOTEXT available
w h i c h i n c o r p o r a t e s Pouel 1 H a r d g r a v e 1 s Super Data Save for fast loads and s a v e s
o f t e x t . T h e p r o g r a m r e q u ires memory in t he 8 — 1 6 K block (Hello Paul Hunter). I f
you want to do your own printing, you also need the Hemotech parallel I/F. The
cost is 29.96 with the book, or 24.95 if you already have the instructions.
The Hemotext is for a full size printer but there are a number of excellent-
word processors for the 2040 printer which we can support. Uord Sine II. 3 is a
nice word processor. Ue also have Uord Sine II, Hi — Res Uord Pro, and Uord bine
II+. Although ue do not have a tape of the program, Robert Fingerle's Texturiter
1000 was ranked A + by Sine.
For the 2068 we can support 11SCRIPT and TASUOR’D II . MSCRIPT is very nice
but you really need a monitor to use it. TEXTURITER 2000 is for use with the
2040 printer and is also something special.
These are not the only good word processors for our computers . These are
the uord processors which ue can support at the moment. Now, get busy and write
some articles.
ADDRESSES :
Hi Res Uord Processor, Nissan Elmaleh. 5100 Hi g h bridge St., 53D Fayetteville, NY
1 3066 .
Uord Sine II. 3, Gesang Associates, P. 0. Box 452, Randal lstoun , HD. 21133.
Text-writer 1000, 2000, Robert Fingerle, 39639 Embarcadero Ter., Fremont, CA
94538. '
tlscnpt, 21st. Century. Electronics, 6813 PI ok Street, Gut ten berg , NJ 0709-3.
Tasword , Zebra Systems Inc. , 78-06 Jamaica Avenue, Uoodhaven , NY 11421.
TRIANGLE SINCLAIR USERS' GROUP OFFICERS:
President; Doug Dewey, 206 James St. , Carrboro, NC 27510, 919-933-3079
Vice-President; Bill Roberts, R-2 Tar Heel Nanor Apts, Carrboro, NC 27510, 919-
929-6 1 04
Secretary; Dick Scoville, 2313 U. Club Blvd., Durham , NC 27705, 919-286-4959
Treasurer; Hike Boyce, 3313 East Uak Dr. , Durham, NC 27712, 919-383-2000.
Send mail and inquires to Doug if you are not yet a member.
THE NEXT MEETING UILL BE SUNDAY, JANUARY 6,1985.
The Triangle Sinclair Users’ Group meets once a month on the -first
Sunday at 2pm in the Dreyfus Auditorium of the Research Triangle ParK
facility just off of Cornwallis ,Rd. (tee the map below). The public is
welcome, in fact the public is invited. Membership in our users' group
is *10.00 a year and now is the time to send in your contribution. We
have a large public that we serve, and we need sustaining
contributions in the form of money, articles -for the newsletter, or
ocasional letters telling us you are still interested in receiving our
publication. The donation of goods and monies by members and business
friends alike, is a welcome occurence and is also tax— deduct! bl e.
isSUJflO Nl£ W{-i FOR 2060
M D *3 F3* 1Z C C V l~ M ~T t-{ UB1 A T 8
by DQi ?G DEWEY
One of the best things about being li.G. president and also about haying been president and editor for some time, is that I
find cut a lot of fascinating things and pass the* on to others. One of the worst things about being in the limelight is that work
that puts bread on the table must perforce cose before U.G. work! This Bay sound like the typical president’s swansong, but it is
not. I thought it important for all to know that a year’s membership in TSUG means twelve issues of the newsletter— even if those
issues span a twenty month time period, Our membership has told us that they want a monthly newsletter, in no uncertain terms — but
they also want top quality, service and very low fees. With all of this in mind, we are doing our best; contributions from
businesses (ads, and donations) and full support from all potential members help out but don’t produce the free time necessary to
do the work. Yes, our newsletter production is behind but the product is up to date,
Let ms now praise a famous persons Bill Roberts. He’s our new newsletter editor and vice president. And he’s doing an
excellent job. His primary interest lies in the TS1000 computer, but he is thinking of getting a 2068. I fear, however, that the
2068 is largely moribund unless someone like Dave Hi ggenbottam takes over the marketing of it. Lets talk about some recent
developments that may take on meaning for 2068/SPECCY enthusiasts. First off note that Quicksilva has dumped all of its 2068 stock
but will continue with other software—we assume they mean the QL and we know that they will restock SPECTRUM software if there is
a need. They were all out of SPECCY programs when we called to ask if a good deal on said software were available— nothing special
for SPECCY, though 2068 stuff went for a song. I can’t think it right to charge too much for 2068 programs unless they are extra
special: SMART TERM II, MSCRIPT, TASWORD II and all the specialized software for it, MULTIDRAW 2068, PRO/FILE 2068, HOT Z 2068,
MUSICOLA, are my idea of extra special programs — you probably have other "specials" in mind. Let me know what your favorites are,
and I will print them up in this column.
PANKOW ENGINEERING COMPANY, Harrell Park, 127B Hendersonville Rd., Asheville, NC 28803 has out a phenomenal program by the
name of PRO for the 2068 with 2040 printer. It is for the professional at only $245.00. PRO is a CADd system— small "d" because
the final product is not a record quality drawing. It is offered to the land surveyor and subdivision designer as "the first
business oriented system to have broken the $500 price barrier... [with] no one else who even claims to have broken the $1000
level." Be reviewing it soon. PANKOW provides service and continuing support. That is what you pay for and that is what you get.
Turn to SMART TERM 11 or MTERM and to MSCRIPT: service and support almost nonexistent but very cheap. HTERH is a great
program but poorly documented and fitfully supported. We provide notes in this issue on MTERM. TS HORIZONS and ZX FORUM (South
Florida) have other notes on its use and TS HORIZONS will follow with sore on uploading and downloading machine code, etc.—
definitely worth a subscription to T8H. [I got a nice letter from a person in Michigan offering an update manual on SMART TERM II
for $5.00, but I lost the letter/ad (the fellow had only a P.0. Box — I remember that much—) and he didn’t bother to put a return
address on the envelope which was addressed in a remarkably fancy script.! BCS Timex Sinclair subgroup hasn’t published in a while
but meets regularly and vigorously. Nor has SYNTAX decided where it wants to go yet, either— but aren’t they selling software
through some sort of outlet?
Back to MTERM and MSCRIPT for a moment. Both programs are the work of Micro-Systems Software of Boca Raton, FL— part of their
M-Ware line: designed to be fairly transportable between computers and various systems— IBM, EPSON, TRS-80, PANASONIC Senior
Partner, etc. have versions available for them. MTERM is used on several ANCHOR MODEMS and ANCHOR now markets the package for the
2068. MTERM runs with the SPECTRUM EMULATOR— just don’t exit to BASIC as a CRASH will ensue if you are in Spectrum mode: LOAD
other programs first before calling MTERM. The EPSON version of MTERM has excellent documentation— go to a high priced computer
salon to have a look, don’t be bashful. SMART TERM II for the 2068 offers extras not available for other computers) REM statement
conversion is one. Transfer of binary files and use of HEX conversion is another. REM conversion is there because BASIC on the
2068 is adequate and because a fancy screen editor is not readily available, To send edited copy, do it with REM conversion. PRINT
USR 54079 restarts MTERM without loss of your settings. For special info on MTERM, send some cash and your questions to Micro
Systems in Florida. Do NOT try to call for information during business hours— you are paying the phone company but MICRO SYSTEMS
gets NOTHING— send cash as I have outlined above. Or call up their evening BBS but ONLY from 6pm to 9am (Eastern Standard Time)
and on weekends. DO NOT CALL THIS NUMBER DURING THE DAY AND DO NOT ABUSE THEIR COURTESY, PLEASE— THEY USE THIS NUMBER DURING THE
DAY FOR BUSINESS. Their number (at night) is 305-832-2503 for the BBS; you can leave questions to be answered; there are TIMEX
programs to download, and hints and help for all. Or you can 60-PCS-52 on COMPUSERVE for the TELCOH group for direct answers. Also
try GO-CEM-7. ANCHOR has come out with an update card and will get help from MICRO SYSTEMS to rewrite the manual— if it is to be
rewritten (Steve Pagliarulo wrote the original MTERM). ANCHOR had a few more 2050 cases/units it could assemble when they took the
business back from NESTRIDGE but has had to determine if the modem package has a future before they move forward. If the 2068 is
moribund, will such a modem package work with the SPECTRUM + ?
Want a different screen paper/ink color for MSCRIPT? LOAD ""CODE to load in the machine code. PRINT PEEK 36B76 first to find
out the initial value for black paper and white ink. Now POKE 36876,70 for white paper and black ink. Use page 248 of your 2068
manual to figure out the other combinations in 64 column mode. Now start MSCRIPT by RANDOMIZE USR 36608 (ENTER) and RANDOMIZE USR
36864 (ENTER). All of this is courtesy of Jim Hicks.
I have had several hard questions to answer during the last six months. One persistant question was raised by some— but not
all— of those marketing SPECTRUM ROMS in the US: IS IT TRUE THAT ROMS RUN MORE PROGRAMS THAN EPROM EMULATORS (like my EMUs)? The
answer is a resounding, NO, there is no apparent , significant difference between ROMS and EPROMS in terms of the number of
SPECTRUM programs that each will run. Bill Russell told me he had come to the same conclusion and was going to remove claims that
ROMSWITCH ran more programs than the Chameleon fro® his current ads. John Oliger has compared the two and they are identical
except for the first LRQS bytes for the cartridge— both_are ISSUE ULand both should work the same way.
EXCEPT for MICRQDR1VES? Why have several people, without changing anything inside the 2068, been able to sake Sinclair
Microdrives work with ay EMU-1 but not with the ROM? Did they use authentic SINCLAIR ROMs?
I know that using an EMU-1, correctly rerouting the bus lines, adding only 9 volts and 12 volts— several people now run
MitJrodrives ALL THE TIME... but have not succeeded with the ROM yet. They haven’t needed to use ROMCS or I0RQGE so these lines have
been left unconnected. Why has this worked and why has the ROM not worked?
There have been some failures or problems here, too. I feverishly worked on a go between board but it has not yet worked. My
computer knows the Interface I "shadow" ROM is there but so far has not made the drive whirr— what a pleasant sound it would be.
Roy Perschy has experienced success but accidentally burned out an Interface I in the process. At.a Tursucu sometimes has problems
with his set up. Nazir Pashtoon, after an initial failure, then tremendous success, is now more cautious. He has a 2068— brand new
fro* TIMEX— which doesn’t want to work with microdrives unless given special treatment. We suspect the need for a 250 (no slower)
nanosecond EPROM, conflict between interrupt mode 1 and interrupt mode 2 (Interface i and 2068?), bus loading problems (no more
than a fanout of 2 for the Z80), timing problems, a conflict between ROM and EPROM, the need for some sort of ROMCS signal, etc.
Perhaps using a Hardware Wizard’s suggestion of combining A14, A15, ROMCS using an HC4002 or an HC4075 on the Interface I signals
to link up with BE on the 2063 would do it. With a ROM Carl Miles reportedly has it all solved and Kurt Hildebrandt and Tom
Steward tell me they, too, made MICRODRIVES work, though they had to change the insides of their 2068s to get their ccaputers to
run Microdrives. Unfortunately, none of these fellows have spread their knowledge to others so that all might benefit. For the
time being I’ll put such info in the untested-or-doubtf ul-i f-not-spuri ous category. Common, guys. ..give us a break.
Why all the concern when we have good American systems which work like A&J’s new unit? And being sold at a good price of
$169.95 by Pheonix Enterprises and slightly higher by many others. Well, for the simple reason that the Sinclair unit includes
RS232, LAN can link up to 8 microdrives, doesn’t disable the EXRQM’s bankswitching capabilities, and is cheaper. Before Xmas
$100.00 or so got you an Interface I, a Microdrive, Tasword Two, an excellent filing program, and one or two games! Another Plus
is the fact that Sinclair is showing the Spectrum + (with its much improved keyboard) at the Winter CES in Las Vegas. How well it
is received will determine whether or not Sinclair comes back into the American market with a low end product that would be
clearly competitive from day one!!! And. ..with all that hardware, firmware and software already in place!!!! And. ..might spell the
end for the 2068— • fantastically powerful, ruqged, trustworthy curiosity. Or. ..could give the 2068 a n»w lsase on lift! TIMEX of
Portugal has out a DISK drive system for the Spectrum using the small 3 inch size of disks. The system (called FDDicoaes ready to
qo with two RG232 porta end its available) to British daalars for review; aa a dink eyat#* It work* very wall indaad) It in to he
marketed as a TIMEX product— TIMEX label— capable of using a memory card and running CRM, with its own Z80 processor on board. All
for some £225 from Micro Matic, 84 Talbot Rd . , London, England N64RA UK: Tel. 01-340-0310. TIMEX also makes a keyboard upgrade for
the SPECTRUM Issue III for about £15. The disk system sounds like the one they were going to develop for the 2068. And it sight
just work on our computer. Just think of what this all may mean.
A word about, dealers here and abroad: there are a number of honest, reputable people who can get you the product quickly if
they have it on hand: Zebra Systems, Curry Computer, Sunset Electronics, Games to Learn By, Sumware, Knighted Computers, Software
Supermarket (UK), Computers of Wigmore Street (UK), The Cambridge Store (UK) have all given excellent service to us. One of my
favorites is Zebra Systems because they sell my EMU boards and believe in shipping immediately if product is rn stock. I can tell
you that they take a hard line with OEMs like myself when we get behind. If I have not mentioned your favorite dealer, let me
know, aid I will print up your success story. Watch out with Research Service Labs in Oklahoma City— I smell something fishy: no
phone and no product for eight weeks to friends out in CCATS in Oregon City, Oregon. The ad from Research Labs makes some peculiar
claims as well. Watch out.
I have a new OMNI EMU board and, thanks to the genius of Wes Brzozowski (a man who I regard as being a True Wizard: others
are Ray Kingsley and John Oliger), OMNI EMU can run ROMS out of the cartridge port with a short bootstrap program, and OMNI EMU
can also switch to any one of four 16K memory blocks. This new board is done with gold fingers and plated through holes. It is now
ready for shipment and comes with the capacitor, sockets, 74LS155, 4-position DIP switch and jumpers installed ready to run your
ROM right out of the cartridge port. It offers highest reliability and thorough documentation and can easily be altered to run
EPROMS of your choice. Price for OMNI EMU ready to run your ROM is $30.00. I am not going to sell ROMs, however. A good bargain on
ROMs is offered by Pheonix Enterprises through their tape club plan. Because the price of 27128 EPROMS has droped considerably,
OMNI EMU with programmed Spectrum Emulator EPROM now costs only $50.00— new price effective January 1st, 1985. Buying directly
from ENTER LENGUA, Doug Dewey, 206 James St., Carrboro, NO 27510, has the added advantage of getting you on the TSUG mailing list
for a trial i issue or two. But remember that ZEBRA and HAWG WILD stock my product and may offer you other pluses that are more
attractive. ZEBRA’S GRAPHICS TABLET— Koala Pad, interface capable of running two analog joysticks and/or other devices, and
graphics tablet software is now $89.95 directly from ZEBRA. This is a must-have item! A full review will follow. I give it a 9.9
out of 10 at its current low price,
Andrew Banta has written us regarding our review of SCREEN-S0LV and GARY SMITH has called about our review of FORTH. Also
received an informative letter from Fred Blechman on the QL— he’s very impressed with a loaner machine he has for review purposes.
We will do right by all of this in our next issue; so keep your membership up to date by renewing in time.
Bob Dyl, another True Wizard Cl can think of some 10 special Wizards], Director of the Ocean State Timex-Sincl air User Group,
who always seems to know everything first, can help with all sorts of problems. His telephone is 401-849-3805; address is Bob Dyl,
15 Kilburn Ct., Newport, RI 02840. He is selling 10 blank templates on stiff cardstock cut to fit the 2068. They are useful for
games of all sorts and for HOT Z, word processors, etc. The price is $4.95 plus $1.00 B&H. He prefers a money order— no credit
cards. Did you know that a .1 pF cap in line with the V0TEM cleans up the signal so that it can be used as an SDS filter with most
any quality of tape. That comes courtesy of Thomas Bent, editor of Syncware News, an excellent publication. John Boys tells us
that after Antic Miner loads, type in 6031769 and the boot will appear, then press any of two or more number keys simultaneously
(use only keys 1-6) and you can start your game on a specific screen rather than have to wade through each screen from the
beginning. Nazir Pashtoon writes of success with EMU-1 running Hi-Soft Pascal, Hi-Soft Devpac 1 1 1 (assembler and disassembler),
Abersoft Forth, Softech Basic Floating Point Compiler, and Betasoft Basic (which extends Spectrum Basic with a large number of
commands). Hi-Soft toolkit did not run (interrupt driven) and the Hi-Soft C Language Compiler would not load on a 2068 or a
Spectrum-. Wes Brzozowski sent a fascinating article on interrupts that may offer some insight and suggest solutions to this
problem. John Oliger is also working on the problem of Spectrum programs that load but won’t run properly using a ROM or EPROM
emulator system— send him your "impossibles" but make sure they load first. You might try making a super good copy using The
Cincinnati U.G.’s C0PYTAPE program— a fine program— before mailing your "difficulties" off to John. Many Spectrum programs are
hard to load. John Oliger has finished his printer interface and it is AERC0 compatible and has compact code that lets it LPRINT
and LLIST. His new EPROM programmer works like a charm; send him an order for one today. Bare board is $12.95, with parts $25.95,
assembled and tested $33.95 and the Vpp power supply, which is also needed, is $9.95 for board and parts. His address is The John
Oliger Co., 11601 Nhidbey Dr., Cumberland, IN 46229, Tel. 317-894-2677. John begins work next on his disk drive interface. We hear
that Jerry Chamkis of AERC0 has their disk interface finished and in production. In an upcoming issue or two we will publish a
wealth of material from Wes Brzozowski (of SINCUS fame). In the meantime, subscribe to SINCUS, P.0. Box 523, Owego, New York 13827
($8.00) and to LIST, P.0. Box 438, Centerport, NY 11721-0438 ($12.00) and to SUM, 3224 NW 30th Ave. , Gainesville, FL 32605
($12.00).
A final word, computing without HOT Z-2068 is not worth it. Ray Kingsley of SINWARE, Box 8032, Santa Fe, NN 87504, Tel. 505-
988-2096, has his famous HOT Z-2068 for $24.95 + $2.00 p/h, ROM annotation tape for $15.00 + $2, two EPROMS with HOT Z on them for
$39.95 + $2, the EPROMS on a ready-to-run board for $59.95 + $2, and a corrected EXR0M on EPROM with mounting instructions is
$16.00 ppd.
r i any 1
Si nc 1
” s Group
c/o Douglass Dewey
206 James St.
Carrboro, NC 27510
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